『AskWan』

How to install ipmitool to support IPMI on Debian Lenny for Dell PE sc1435

Tue, 27 Apr 2010 06:40:42 +0000

The Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) specification is an Intel led standard which defines a set of common interfaces to a computer system which system administrators can use to monitor system health and manage the system.

DELL PE sc1435 have Standard Baseboard Management Controller with IPMI 2.0 support,so we can use this feature to manage our servers .

IPMItool is a command line utility for managing and configuring systems with IPMI support. This tool allows you the ability to communicate directly with the IPMI card installed in the server or over a network using TCP/IP.

First , Power On PowerEdge sc1435 server ,when BIOS check , input Ctrl-E to keyboard:

then configure IMPI to the server, and also you can refer this guide document:
http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/power/ps4q04-20040204-Murphy.pdf

then,start OS(Debian Lenny 5.0.3 amd64)

#apt-get install ipmitool

#apt-get install openipmi libopenipmi-dev

# modprobe ipmi_watchdog
# modprobe ipmi_poweroff
# modprobe ipmi_devintf
# modprobe ipmi_si
# modprobe ipmi_msghandler

Check if ipmi_xxx related kernel modules have loaded or not:

# lsmod |grep ipmi
ipmi_si 43628 2
ipmi_devintf 13200 0
ipmi_poweroff 13776 0
ipmi_watchdog 22896 0
ipmi_msghandler 38520 4 ipmi_si,ipmi_devintf,ipmi_poweroff,ipmi_watchdog

Now,as you see, it have loaded,create the IPMI device:

mknod /dev/ipmi0 c `cat /proc/devices | grep ipmidev | awk '{print $1}' ` 0

you can then use ipmitool now !

#ipmitool lan print 1

Set in Progress         : Set Complete
Auth Type Support       : NONE MD2 MD5 PASSWORD 
Auth Type Enable        : Callback : MD2 MD5 
                        : User     : MD2 MD5 
                        : Operator : MD2 MD5 
                        : Admin    : MD2 MD5 
                        : OEM      : MD2 MD5 
IP Address Source       : Static Address
IP Address              : 192.168.101.3
Subnet Mask             : 255.255.255.0
MAC Address             : 00:18:8b:89:52:84
SNMP Community String   : public
IP Header               : TTL=0x40 Flags=0x40 Precedence=0x00 TOS=0x10
Default Gateway IP      : 192.168.101.1
Default Gateway MAC     : 00:00:00:00:00:00
Backup Gateway IP       : 0.0.0.0
Backup Gateway MAC      : 00:00:00:00:00:00
802.1q VLAN ID          : Disabled
802.1q VLAN Priority    : 0
RMCP+ Cipher Suites     : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
Cipher Suite Priv Max   : aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
                        :     X=Cipher Suite Unused
                        :     c=CALLBACK
                        :     u=USER
                        :     o=OPERATOR
                        :     a=ADMIN
                        :     O=OEM

and you can reconfigure ipmi sets:

# ipmitool -I open lan set 1 ipsrc static

# ipmitool -I open lan set 1 ipaddr 192.168.101.154
Setting LAN IP Address to 192.168.101.154

# ipmitool -I open lan set 1 defgw ipaddr 192.168.101.1
Setting LAN Default Gateway IP to 192.168.101.1

# ipmitool -I open lan set 1 netmask 255.255.255.0
Setting LAN Subnet Mask to 255.255.255.0

# ipmitool -I open lan set 1 access on

#ipmitool -I open user set password 2 askwan.com

logo to another server,check the server's system event log:

# ipmitool -I lan -H 192.168.101.154 -U root -a sel list
Password:

1 | 01/08/2010 | 03:45:19 | Event Logging Disabled #0x72 | Log area reset/cleared | Asserted
2 | Pre-Init Time-stamp | Power Supply #0x65 | Power Supply AC lost | Asserted
3 | Pre-Init Time-stamp | Power Supply #0x74 | Redundancy Lost
4 | 01/31/2010 | 06:19:46 | Power Supply #0x65 | Failure detected | Asserted
5 | 01/31/2010 | 06:19:50 | Power Supply #0x74 | Redundancy Lost
6 | 02/04/2010 | 22:52:58 | Power Supply #0x65 | Power Supply AC lost | Asserted
7 | 02/04/2010 | 22:53:08 | Power Supply #0x65 | Power Supply AC lost | Deasserted
8 | 02/04/2010 | 22:53:10 | Power Supply #0x74 | Fully Redundant
9 | 02/21/2010 | 19:41:41 | Power Supply #0x65 | Failure detected | Asserted
a | 02/21/2010 | 19:41:44 | Power Supply #0x74 | Redundancy Lost
b | 04/05/2010 | 21:13:58 | Power Supply #0x74 | Fully Redundant

for more usage of ipmitool ,please refer ipmitool man page :
http://ipmitool.sourceforge.net/manpage.html

Reference:
ftp://download.intel.com/design/servers/ipmi/IPMIv2_0rev1_0.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Platform_Management_Interface
http://www.mainehost.com/DellPowerEdge-SC1435.pdf
http://openipmi.sourceforge.net/IPMI.pdf
http://lab.advancedclustering.com/twiki/bin/view/Documentation/IPMITools
http://lonesysadmin.net/2007/06/21/how-to-configure-ipmi-on-a-dell-poweredge-running-red-hat-enterprise-linux/

-------END------

Tags - ipmitool , ipmi , debian , openipmi , ipmi si , bmc

500 ERROR: User root cannot be used as an NX user

Sat, 27 Mar 2010 03:38:25 +0000

OS: CentOS 5
NXserver : 3.4

NX> 203 NXSSH running with pid: 3164
NX> 285 Enabling check on switch command
NX> 285 Enabling skip of SSH config files
NX> 285 Setting the preferred NX options
NX> 200 Connected to address: xx.xx.xx.xx on port: 22
NX> 202 Authenticating user: nx
NX> 208 Using auth method: publickey
HELLO NXSERVER - Version 3.4.0-12 - LFE
NX> 105 Hello NXCLIENT - Version 3.4.0
NX> 134 Accepted protocol: 3.4.0
NX> 105 Set shell_mode: shell
NX> 105 Set auth_mode: password
NX> 105 Login
NX> 101 User: root
NX> 500 ERROR: User 'root' cannot be used as an NX user
NX> 999 Bye.
NX> 280 Exiting on signal: 15

for security reasons, Nomachine can't allowed you to login with user root default!
if you want to login with root,then you can do followings!

$vim /usr/NX/etc/server.cfg
EnableAdministratorLogin = "1"

EnableUserDB = "1"
EnablePasswordDB = "1"

$nxserver --useradd USERNAME [--administrator]
                   [--system [--home[=homedir]|--nohome][--gid[=gid]]
                   [--uid[=uid]]]
$nxserver  --userenable USERNAME
            # Enable the NX login for the specified user. This command is allowed
            # only when NX user DB is enabled in the server configuration file.
$nxserver  --userdisable USERNAME
           #Disable the NX login for the specified user. Both the system and NX
           #password, when the NX password DB is enabled, of the user are left
           #unchanged.

then

/etc/init.d/nxserver restart

now,you can login with user root!
Tags - user , root , nx

A friend companys Linux server ext3 filesystem becomes read only

Mon, 08 Mar 2010 03:12:35 +0000

System has been restarted everything seemed normal, the application starts normally! View the system boot log, there is no exception, the specific reasons for this situation also unknown now! It seems need to continue to observe.

However, open system, found that swap partition 0

Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 300496k cached

Is it did not installed the system swap partition?

[root@youke2 log]# cat /proc/swaps

output Nothing, there is no swap partition indeed !
this System has 4G mem, so additional 8G swap space manually

[root@youke2 log]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfree bs=1024K count=8192
8192+0 records in 8192+0 records out 8589934592 bytes (8.6 GB) copied, 111.247 seconds, 77.2 MB/s

[root@youke2 log]# mkswap /tmp/swapfree
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8589930 kB

[root@youke2 log]# swapon /tmp/swapfree

Re-examine swap partition:

[root@youke2 log]# cat /proc/swaps
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/tmp/swapfree file 8388600 0 -1

USE top TO CHECK

Tasks: 145 total,   1 running, 144 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s):  0.1%us,  0.2%sy,  0.0%ni, 94.4%id,  5.3%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st
Mem:   4138172k total,  3834908k used,   303264k free,    28220k buffers
Swap:  8388600k total,        0k used,  8388600k free,  3605544k cached

OK! write this to fstab file,so it can valid at system start time !

/tmp/swapfree swap swap defaults 0 0

compile net-snmp on debian lenny

Wed, 23 Sep 2009 08:16:08 +0000

net-snmp
下载地址：http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/net-snmp/net-snmp/5.4.2.1/net-snmp-5.4.2.1.tar.gz
解压然后编译，编译参数

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp/ --with-sys-contact="askwan@askwan.com" --with-sys-location="pudong shanghai China" --enable-shared --with-default-snmp-version=2 --enable-mfd-rewrites --with-mib-modules="misc/ipfwacc mibII host disman/event-mib ucd_snmp agent_mibs agentx notification target utilities ucd-snmp/diskio tunnel mibII/mta_sendmail" --with-sysconfdir="/usr/local/net-snmp/etc/"

如编译报错：

Quotation

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

这是缺少libperl-dev开发库,安装上

apt-get install libperl-dev

然后make ;make install
可以用snmpconf配置snmpd.conf，也可用例子文件

cp EXAMPLE.conf /usr/local/net-snmp/etc/snmpd.conf

然后根据需要修改此文件

com2sec local     localhost       askwan
com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.0/24      askwan

group MyRWGroup v1         local
group MyRWGroup v2c        local
group MyRWGroup usm        local
group MyROGroup v1         mynetwork
group MyROGroup v2c        mynetwork
group MyROGroup usm        mynetwork

view all    included  .1                               80
access MyROGroup ""      any       noauth    exact  all    none   none
access MyRWGroup ""      any       noauth    exact  all    all    none

syslocation shanghai pu dong
syscontact Me askwan@askwan.com

启动

/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd -Lsd -Lf /dev/null -p /var/run/snmpd.pid -a -c /usr/local/net-snmp/etc/snmpd.conf

测试

snmpwalk -c askwan -v2c 192.168.0.5 if

Quotation

IF-MIB::ifIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
IF-MIB::ifIndex.2 = INTEGER: 2
IF-MIB::ifDescr.1 = STRING: lo
IF-MIB::ifDescr.2 = STRING: eth0
IF-MIB::ifType.1 = INTEGER: softwareLoopback(24)
IF-MIB::ifType.2 = INTEGER: ethernetCsmacd(6)
....

---------END------------

Tags - debian , net-snmp

oracle temporary tablespace boom unexpectedly

Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:38:52 +0000

临时表空间用途：
INDEX CREATE ,INDEX REBUILD,ORDER BY ,GROUP BY, DISTINCT,Analyze,UNION, Sort-Merge etc..
上面这些操作均会用到临时表空间

临时表空间重建步骤：
比如临时表空间一直增大，导致系统磁盘空间吃紧，考虑重建
1 定位当前临时表空间位置

Quotation

2 创建临时表空间TEMP02

Quotation

SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP02 TEMPFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp02.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 512K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Tablespace created

review:

Quotation

SQL>  SELECT FILE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES;

FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp01.dbf                                            TEMP
/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp02.dbf                                            TEMP02

have created successfull.

3 改变缺省临时表空间为TEMP02

Quotation

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP02;

Database altered

4 .删除原缺省表空间temp

Quotation

SQL> drop tablespace temp including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped

5.创建新表空间temp

Quotation

SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 512K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Tablespace created

6. 改变缺省表空间

Quotation

SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp;

Database altered

7.删除中间过程表空间TEMP02

Quotation

SQL> drop tablespace temp02 including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped

8.重新指定用户临时表空间

Quotation

SQL> alter user ASKWAN temporary tablespace temp;

User altered

涉及临时文件相关操作
eg.
alter database tempfile '/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp.dbf' autoextend off;
alter database tempfile '/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp.dbf' resize 300M;
alter database tempfile ''/u01/oracle/oradata/askwan/temp.dbf' autoextend on;

linux的内核漏洞

Fri, 21 Aug 2009 23:39:17 +0000

“Linux Kernel 'sock_sendpage()' NULL Pointer Dereference Vulnerability”

标准化代号 CVE-2009-2692

这漏洞恐怕是linux历史上非常值得“怀念”的了
如今exploit工具早已发布出来还是有不少人没有引起重视啊
我安装的几台debian lenny 5.0.1和几台RHEL5.3也不幸名列其中加上我自己的Ubuntu9.04
几乎可以说是全部“中招”了呵呵

受影响linux系统列表

在各种solutions也都公布出来的今天
我想我们应该只关心两个问题
1.你管理的linux服务器在这个列表中吗？
2.你已经采取了补救措施了吗？

Add Future Expires Headers

Fri, 21 Aug 2009 08:40:09 +0000

无它可以增加YSlow得分

apache配置文件http.conf 或者 .htaccess文件根据需要自行添加

Header set Expires "Fri, 08 Aug 2010 08:08:08 GMT"

注意：

1。若有很多静态文件，如ico,jpg,css,js,gif之类的文件长时间不会改变或者更新的，用此方法甚好

2。若这类文件更新比较频繁，那过期时间就设置得距离现在短一点。

Tags - yslow , expires , headers

debian5.0下Webmin的安装

Wed, 19 Aug 2009 00:43:20 +0000

Quotation

There are two sides to every question。

Webmin is a web-based interface for system administration for Unix. website
ok 开始 1.安装必要的deb包

apt-get -y install libnet-ssleay-perl libauthen-pam-perl libio-pty-perl libmd5-perl

2. 下载 webmin deb包

wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.480/webmin_1.480_all.deb

update: 2010-03-15 the newest version is 1.5.1.0

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/webadmin/webmin/1.510/webmin_1.510-2_all.deb?use_mirror=ncu

3.安装

dpkg -i webmin_1.480_all.deb

根据自己需要修改vi /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf文件
4.使修改生效

/etc/init.d/webmin restart

----------END-------------
Tags - debian , webmin

Metadata file does not match checksum

Thu, 30 Jul 2009 03:55:15 +0000

yum有时候不是很稳定？不知道是不是RP问题

[Errno -1] Metadata file does not match checksum
Trying other mirror.

每次出现这个都要“清仓”才行
yum clean all
奈何？
Tags - metadata , file , match , checksum

There is no public key available for the following key IDs 问题

Mon, 08 Jun 2009 15:53:55 +0000

OS: debian 4.0 etch
此问题比较普遍故记录之且供参考
一般都是在apt-get update 后出错：

W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:
9AA38DCD55BE302B
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems

按照提示运行apt-get update这个指令很遗憾无论运行多少次都无济于事

为演示这一过程先下apt-key指令 import当前的keys
# apt-key update

gpg: key 2D230C5F: "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (2006) " not changed
gpg: key 6070D3A1: "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (4.0/etch) " not changed
gpg: key ADB11277: "Etch Stable Release Key " not changed
gpg: key BBE55AB3: "Debian-Volatile Archive Automatic Signing Key (4.0/etch)" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 4
gpg: unchanged: 4

当前系统有4个keys

增加上面列出的key
gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys  9AA38DCD55BE302B && apt-key add /root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg

再来看看系统中的trusted gpg keys信息
# apt-key list
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
--------------------
pub   1024D/2D230C5F 2006-01-03 [expired: 2007-02-07]
uid                  Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (2006)

pub   1024D/6070D3A1 2006-11-20 [expires: 2009-07-01]
uid                  Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (4.0/etch)

pub   1024D/ADB11277 2006-09-17
uid                  Etch Stable Release Key

pub   1024D/BBE55AB3 2007-03-31 [expires: 2010-03-30]
uid                  Debian-Volatile Archive Automatic Signing Key (4.0/etch)
sub   2048g/36CA98F3 2007-03-31 [expires: 2010-03-30]

pub   4096R/55BE302B 2009-01-27 [expires: 2012-12-31]
uid                  Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (5.0/lenny)

OK 5个最后一行正是刚才加入的
再次apt-get update 就应该没有问题了

#apt-get update

Get:1 http://security.debian.org etch/updates Release.gpg [1032B]
Hit http://security.debian.org etch/updates Release
Ign http://security.debian.org etch/updates/main Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.debian.org etch/updates/contrib Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.debian.org etch/updates/main Sources/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.debian.org etch/updates/contrib Sources/DiffIndex
Hit http://security.debian.org etch/updates/main Packages
Hit http://security.debian.org etch/updates/contrib Packages
Hit http://security.debian.org etch/updates/main Sources
Hit http://security.debian.org etch/updates/contrib Sources
Fetched 1B in 2s (0B/s)
Reading package lists... Done

还有一种情况就是 key过期的问题那么这时候可以一个个先删除系统中的key
比如
apt-key list
apt-key del 55BE302B
apt-key del BBE55AB3
...
然后删除debian-archive-keyring包
dpkg –purge debian-archive-keyring
再次重新安装
apt-get install debian-archive-keyring
基本上都能解决这个问题

---------------END---------------

Tags - debian , public , key

Linux最强渗透检测发行版BackTrack 4

Wed, 29 Apr 2009 02:14:00 +0000

Backtrack

看到系统界面里用中文繁体写就的 “龙” 字，倍觉亲切吧呵呵

喜欢研究安全技术的linux fans不容错过！

最新发行版已经到 BackTrack 4 beta release
1DVD 854 MB 同时又集成众多老的安全工具和最近最新的安全工具

其同时也是无线网络破解集成工具箱！非常适合蹭网族，呵呵
最近拿来蹭办公楼附近的无线资源，甚觉强悍！
发此文，以推荐linux安全爱好者

最新版下载地址：
http://backtrack.unixheads.org/bt4-beta.iso
vmware镜像：
http://backtrack.unixheads.org/bt4-beta-vm-6.5.1.rar
Tags - 渗透 , 检测 , linux , 发行版 , backtrack

《诸侯》的刀片服务器

Mon, 27 Apr 2009 10:38:28 +0000

4.30 诸侯内测
一上来就不同凡响
这刀片机器四四方方的好“正点”啊

HP08年推出的一款新型刀片机器 ProLiant BL2x220c G5.

印象中，用刀片服务器的公司越来越多了，刀片服务器价格低，能耗低，占用机柜空间小等优势
这张IDC的报告图则更直观的显示了未来刀片服务器市场的走势，以后搞就搞“一箱子“机器吧
省得一台一台的折腾了哈

Tags - hp , 刀片 , 服务器

yahoo的关于大型网站前端性能加速的实践指南

Mon, 27 Apr 2009 09:49:13 +0000

很早就看到yahoo性能团队的这篇文章
http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html

逢今日再读，仍旧令人拍案叫绝，若大中型网站，特别是以静态内容为主的网站，能做到其十之八九，
那我想访问响应性能速度定能提升几个档次。

这段时间自觉需要好好学习研究一下这些方法希望将来尽力用得上
然而这个必然需要需要前端开发工程师，程序开发设计人员和系统运维相关人员通力合作才行

顺便做个自己的土笔记留以后备忘。

大致从文章看下来说这篇文章中一共34种方法分为7个类别

分别是
1.Content
2.Server
3.Cookie
4.Css
5.Javascript
6.Image
7.Mobile

几乎牵涉到了网站前端的方方面面实为猛料！

这上34种实践方法如下：

下面就是过段时间一个一个做个测试！能用的要尽量用上。
Tags - yahoo , 大型网站 , 前端 , 性能 , 加速 , 实践 , 指南

TCP_Wrappers的语法格式

Wed, 01 Apr 2009 07:19:54 +0000

   TCP_Wrappers和iptables是linux下最重要的两个安全方面的项目，不容忽视，反复测试后发现TCP_Wrappers的/etc/hosts.allow 和/etc/hosts.deny 是不支持CIDR方式的写法的(如192.168.0.0/24, 172.16.0.0/16等)！
某些文章和资料书籍里面有这种写法是错误的，要注意了。

  其写法支持如
1.   .askwan.com
包括askwan.com自身以及其下所有子域名

2. 192.168.
包括192.168. 下的所有ip

3. 10.10.0.0/255.255.0.0

4. ALL
包括系统所有daemon 和所有IP段

5. userX@askwan.com
指示某个域名主机里某个特定用户

6. EXCEPT 语法
例如：要求192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 下的除了 192.168.0.100 之外的机器可以使用sshd服务，那么可以写为
sshd：192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 EXCEPT 192.168.0.100

一点补充内容：
    TCP_Wrappers可以使用系统中的twist 和 spawn 记录和追踪来访者的信息，以作为系统安全日志分析
，有几个常用变量可以使用

%a    Client address
%h    Client host name
%A    Host address
%H    Server host name
%c    Client information
%p    Process ID
%d    Process name
%s    Server information

Tags - "tcp wrappers" , twist , spawn , hosts.allow , hosts.deny

GPT (GUID Partition Table)

Sun, 29 Mar 2009 05:26:31 +0000

Linux早可以支持大于2T的块设备（Large Block Device），但是分区的时候却不能用常见的fdisk工具了，一定要用的话，会有下面的警告信息：

Quotation

[root@host2001 data]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          33      265041   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              34       12781   102398310   83  Linux
/dev/sda3           12782       14056    10241437+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sdc: 2500.1 GB, 2500140728320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 303958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

上面提示fdisk工具不支持GPT,得使用另一个GNU发布的强大分区工具parted
官方链接：http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/index.shtml
若强制用fdisk分区，最后大于2T的部分系统会不能认出来！

而GPT,比较权威的解释是：

Quotation

In computer hardware, GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical hard disk. It is a part of the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) standard proposed by Intel as a replacement for the PC BIOS, one of the few remaining parts of the original IBM PC. EFI uses GPT whereas BIOS uses a Master Boot Record (MBR）

下面的图说明了其结构：

要详细了解这家伙，这篇文章或许可以帮助你：http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn2006/tn2166.html

关于parted的用法和信息可以参看GUN专门文档：http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/manual/parted.html
就不演示了。今天正好碰到一客户遇到的这个问题，记下来给准备使用大于2T块设备的l网友一点提示。

Tags - linux , gpt , fdisk , parted